To explain the changes in mortality, a brief analysis is presented on the variation in the crude rate caused by the main diseases. The table shows the proportion of deaths that occur every five years for different groups of diseases, according to the ICD10 classification of the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO). As in the period from 1985 to 1999 the category of Adverse and ill-defined effects represented more than 4% of the causes reported to DANE, it was considered reasonable to carry out the comparative analysis between the five-year periods of 2000-2004 and 2010-2014, which present a similar rate in this category. According to the table, the main cause of death in Colombia corresponds to cardiovascular diseases, followed by tumor, lung and trauma diseases. Another important aspect for this analysis is age range and sex. It is observed that the effect of diseases in the last five-year period differs according to the age of the people, in young men the highest proportion is associated with trauma, in contrast, in older adults and women the main causes of mortality are in cardiovascular and tumor diseases.
Conclusion: The causes of mortality show significant differences according to the age range, however, in general, it is possible to affirm that in Colombia the determining factors of mortality correspond primarily to cardiovascular diseases, trauma, tumor and lung diseases.
It is important to highlight that in the last decades the mortality rate in people under 70 years of age has been consistently reduced, mainly due to fewer deaths from the cases mentioned, although its importance as an explanatory factor has remained.
Additionally, it is relevant to mention that, in the last 15 years, although they have a low proportion as an explanation for mortality in both men and women, there has been an increase in mortality rates from kidney and genitourinary diseases of the system nervous, eyes and ears and skin diseases in people over 30 years; An increase in neoplasm mortality has also been observed between 5 and 15 years.
Source: Phasecolda magazine
Claudia Marcela Rojas, professional at Actuaría Wilson Mayorga, director of Vida y Actuaría Fasecolda
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